Correction and retraction policy

The editorial board is aware of its responsibility for preserving the integrity, reliability, and completeness of the scientific archive. Amendments to articles already published on the publication's website are made exclusively under the circumstances specified below and in compliance with the ethical standards of the global academic community.

CORRECTION NOTICE (ERRATUM)

An erratum  is an official statement by the authors of the original, containing a brief description of corrections due to unintentional errors or omissions in the text.

  • The report must state the impact of the corrections on the overall conclusions of the study.
  • The original article is not removed from the journal's electronic archive, but is accompanied by an active link to the Erratum text.
  • The correction message is open to all readers.

ARTICLE WITHDRAWAL (RETRACTION)

A retraction  is a notification that an article cannot be considered part of the scientific literature due to the discovery of critical violations or unreliable results.

  • Grounds for retraction: clear evidence of data falsification, plagiarism, self-plagiarism, submission of work without appropriate permissions, or violation of research ethics.
  • Procedure: To preserve the integrity of the scholarly record, the article is not removed from the site, but is marked as “Retracted.” A retraction notice, including the rationale for the decision, is published publicly and linked to the original material.
  • Decision subjects: the initiators of the retraction may be the authors (in case they identify significant scientific errors) or the Editorial Board and Publisher (in case of violations). The notification shall indicate the party responsible for the decision and record the presence (or absence) of consent of all co-authors.
  • Exceptional cases: The publisher reserves the right to completely remove material in cases of gross violation of law or copyright. In this case, the bibliographic information about the article is preserved.

EDITORIAL CORRECTION (PUBLISHER'S NOTE)

An editorial correction  informs readers about technical or production errors made by the Editorial Team that affect the article's metadata (title, list of authors, affiliation) or prevent the correct understanding of the content.

  • In this case, the original version of the article is replaced with a corrected one, indicating the date of the changes.
  • The file on the site can only be replaced within  one year from the date of initial publication. After this period, any technical corrections are issued exclusively as Editorial Corrections without replacing the main text.

COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

In its activities regarding correction and withdrawal of materials, the Editorial Board is guided by the guidelines of the Committee on Ethics of Scientific Publications:  COPE Guidelines for Retracting Articles